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Saturday, June 29, 2013

The History of Hotel

Hotel


The Burj Al Arab in Dubai
The historic Plaza Hotel in New York City,New York
The Hilton San Diego Bayfront, San Diego, United States
Atrium Lobby of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt, Shanghai, China
Lobby of the Burj al Arab in DubaiUnited Emirates
Savoy Hotel, London, England
hotel is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. Additional common features found in hotel rooms are a telephone, an alarm clock, a television, a safe, a mini-barwith snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee. Luxury features include bathrobes and slippers, a pillow menu, twin-sink vanities, and jacuzzi bathtubs. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services.
Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food and drinks to all guests within certain stated hours. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a minimized amount of room space and shared facilities.

The word hotel is derived from the French hôtel (coming from hôte meaning host), which referred to a French version of a townhouse or any other building seeing frequent visitors, rather than a place offering accommodation. In contemporary French usage, hôtel now has the same meaning as the English term, and hôtel particulier is used for the old meaning. The French spelling, with the circumflex, was also used in English, but is now rare. The circumflex replaces the 's' found in the earlier hostel spelling, which over time took on a new, but closely related meaning. Grammatically, hotels usually take the definite article – hence "The Astoria Hotel" or simply "The Astoria."Etymology[edit]

Types[edit]

Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify hotel types. General categories include the following;

Management[edit]

Hotel management is a globally accepted career field and academic field of study. Degree programs such as hospitality management studies, a business degree, and/or certification programs formally prepare hotel managers for industry practice.
Most hotel establishments consist of a General Manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the "Hotel Manager"), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel, middle managersadministrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and quantity of job positions varies by hotel size, function, and is often determined by hotel ownership.

Speciality hotels[edit]

Historic Inns and boutique hotels[edit]

Hotel Astoria and a statue of TsarNicholas I of Russia in front, in Saint PetersburgRussia
Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. Some hotels have gained their renown through tradition, by hosting significant events or persons, such as Schloss Cecilienhof in PotsdamGermany, which derives its fame from the Potsdam Conference of the World War II allies Winston ChurchillHarry Truman and Joseph Stalin in 1945.[citation needed] The Taj Mahal Palace & Tower in Mumbai is one of India's most famous and historic hotels because of its association with the Indian independence movement. Some establishments have given name to a particular meal or beverage, as is the case with the Waldorf Astoria in New York City, United States where the Waldorf Salad was first created or the Hotel Sacher in Vienna, Austria, home of the Sachertorte. Others have achieved fame by association with dishes or cocktails created on their premises, such as the Hotel de Paris where the crêpe Suzette was invented or the Raffles Hotel in Singapore, where the Singapore Sling cocktail was devised.[1]
Chicago's Magnificent Mile has hosted many skyscraper hotels such as the Allerton Hotel
A number of hotels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture, such as the Ritz Hotel in London, through its association with Irving Berlin's song, 'Puttin' on the Ritz'. The Algonquin Hotel in New York City is famed as the meeting place of the literary group, the Algonquin Round Table, and Hotel Chelsea, also in New York City, has been the subject of a number of songs and the scene of the stabbing of Nancy Spungen (allegedly by her boyfriend Sid Vicious).

Resort hotels[edit]

Some hotels are built specifically to create a captive trade, example at casinos and holiday resorts. Though of course hotels have always been built in popular destinations, the defining characteristic of a resort hotel is that it exists purely to serve another attraction, the two having the same owners.
On the Las Vegas Strip there is a tradition of one-upmanship with luxurious and extravagant hotels in a concentrated area. This trend now has extended to other resorts worldwide, but the concentration in Las Vegas is still the world's highest: nineteen of the world's twenty-five largest hotels by room count are on the Strip, with a total of over 67,000 rooms.[2]
In Europe Center Parcs might be considered a chain of resort hotels, since the sites are largely man-made (though set in natural surroundings such as country parks) with captive trade, whereas holiday camps such as Butlins and Pontin's are probably not considered as resort hotels, since they are set at traditional holiday destinations which existed before the camps.

Other speciality hotels[edit]

RMS Queen Mary, Long Beach, California, United States

Unique hotels[edit]

Bunker hotels[edit]

The Null Stern Hotel in TeufenAppenzellerlandSwitzerland and the Concrete Mushrooms in Albania[3] are former nuclear bunkers transformed into hotels.

Cave hotels[edit]

The Cuevas Pedro Antonio de Alarcón (named after the author) in Guadix, Spain, as well as several hotels in Cappadocia, Turkey, are notable for being built into natural cave formations, some with rooms underground. The Desert Cave Hotel in Coober Pedy, South Australia is built into the remains of an opal mine.

Cliff hotels[edit]

On top of the cliff, the Riosol Hotel in Mogán
Located on the coast but high above sea level, these hotels offer unobstructed panoramic views and a great sense of privacy without the feeling of total isolation. Some examples from around the globe are the Riosol Hotel in Gran Canaria, Caruso Belvedere Hotel in Amalfi Coast (Italy), Aman Resorts Amankila in Bali, Birkenhead House in Hermanus (South Africa), The Caves in Jamaica and Caesar Augustus in Capri.[4]

Capsule hotels[edit]

Interior of a capsule hotel in Osaka, Japan
Capsule hotels are a type of economical hotel that are found in Japan, where people sleep in stacks of rectangular containers.

Ice, snow and igloo hotels[edit]

Igloo Village in Kakslauttanen,the Ice Hotel in JukkasjärviSweden, and the Hotel de Glace in Duschenay, Canada, melt every spring and are rebuilt each winter; the Mammut Snow Hotel in Finland is located within the walls of the Kemi snow castle; and the Lainio Snow Hotel is part of a snow village near Ylläs, Finland.

Garden hotels[edit]

Garden hotels, famous for their gardens before they became hotels, include Gravetye Manor, the home of garden designer William Robinson, and Cliveden, designed by Charles Barrywith a rose garden by Geoffrey Jellicoe.

Railway hotels[edit]

Frequently, expanding railway companies built grand hotels at their termini, such as theMidland Hotel, Manchester next to the former Manchester Central Station, and in London the ones above St Pancras railway station and Charing Cross railway station. London also has the Chiltern Court Hotel above Baker Street tube station; there are also Canada's grand railway hotels. They are or were mostly, but not exclusively, used by those travelling by rail.

Straw bale hotels[edit]

The Maya Guesthouse in Nax Mont-Noble in the Swiss Alps, is the first hotel in Europe built entirely with straw bales. Due to the insulation values of the walls it needs no conventional heating or air conditioning system, although the Maya Guesthouse is built at an altitude of 1,300 meters in the Alps.[5]

Transit hotels[edit]

Transit hotels are short stay hotels typically used at international airports where passengers can stay while waiting to chain airplanes. The airports are typically between the checkpoints and do not require a visa for a stay.

Treehouse hotels[edit]

Some hotels are built with living trees as structural elements, for example the Treehotel near PiteåSweden, the Costa Rica Tree House in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica; the Treetops Hotel in Aberdare National ParkKenya; the Ariau Towersnear ManausBrazil, on the Rio Negro in the Amazon; and Bayram's Tree Houses in OlymposTurkey.

Underwater hotels[edit]

Some hotels have accommodation underwater, such as Utter Inn in Lake Mälaren, Sweden. Hydropolis, project cancelled 2004 inDubai, would have had suites on the bottom of the Persian Gulf, and Jules' Undersea Lodge in Key LargoFlorida requires scuba divingto access its rooms.

Motels[edit]

A motel (motor hotel) is a hotel which is for a short stay, usually for a night, for motorists on long journeys. It has direct access from the room to the vehicle (for example a central parking lot around which the buildings are set), and is built conveniently close to major roads and intersections.

World record setting hotels[edit]

Historical Hotel Savoy in Florence

Largest[edit]

In 2006, Guinness World Records listed the First World Hotel in Genting Highlands,Malaysia, as the world's largest hotel with a total of 6,118 rooms.[6] The Izmailovo Hotel inMoscow has the most rooms, with 7,500, followed by the Venetian Palazzo Complex in Las Vegas (7,117 rooms) and MGM Grand Las Vegas (6,852 rooms).

Oldest[edit]

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the oldest hotel in operation is the Nisiyama Onsen Keiunkan in Yamanashi, Japan. The hotel, first opened in 707 A.D. has been operated by the same family for forty-six generations. The title was held until 2011 by the Hoshi Ryokan, in the Awazu Onsen area of Komatsu, Japan, which opened in the year 718, as the history of the Nisiyama Onsen Keiunkan was virtually unknown.[7]

Highest[edit]

The Ritz-Carlton Hong Kong claims to be the world's highest hotel.[8] It is located in the top floors of the International Commerce Centrein Hong Kong, at 484-metre (1,588 ft) above ground level.

Hotel rooms as an investment[edit]

Some hotels sell individual rooms to investors. Timeshare is an example of this kind of investment. The buyer is allowed to stay in the room without charge or at a reduced rate for a given number of days each year. The investor is paid a share of the takings for the room. Rooms can be sold on a leasehold basis, sometimes on a 999-year lease. Room owners are free to sell at any time.[9]

Living in hotels[edit]

A number of public figures have notably chosen to take up semi-permanent or permanent residence in hotels.

See also