Dainik Rashifal

https://youtu.be/-_anft49BjU DAINIK RASHIFAL DAILY HOROSCOPE 09 MARCH 2017 PATLIPUTRAEXPRESS.IN SUBSCRIBE US FOR HOROSCOPE AND MORE WWW.JPGECOMMERCE.COM https://youtu.be/xF8KLyBKb1s LIKE SHARE AND SUBSCRIBE LIKE SHARE AND SUBSCRIBE LIKE SHARE AND SUBSCRIBE DAINIK RASHIFAL DAILY HOROSCOPE 28 MARCH 2017 https://youtu.be/qBdUL-3aQ28 @YouTube

JPGECOMMERCE.COM

Sunday, November 30, 2014

The Master's Degree History

Master's degree


master's degree is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.[1] Within the area studied, graduates are posited to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysiscritical evaluation or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently. The degree is awarded upon graduation from a university.[1][dead link]

Titles[edit]

The two most common titles of master's degrees are the Master of Arts (M.A.) and Master of Science (M.S., MSc, M.Si., or M.C.A.); these may be course-based, research-based, or a mixture of the two. Some universities use the Latin degree names; because of the flexibility of syntax in Latin, the Master of Arts and Master of Science may be known asmagister artium or artium magister and magister scientiae or scientiae magister, respectively. Harvard UniversityUniversity of Chicago, and MIT, for example, use A.M. and S.M. for their master's degrees. More commonly, Master of Science often is abbreviated MS or M.S. in the United States, and MSc or M.Sc. in Commonwealth nations and Europe.
Other master's degrees are more specifically named ("tagged degrees"), including, for example, the Master of Business Administration (MBA), the Master of Business Engineering (MBE), Master in European Business (MEB), Master of Counselling (MC), Master of Library Science (MLS), Master of Public Administration (MPA), Master of Public Policy (MPP), Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Music (M.M. or M.Mus.), Master of Information (MI), Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.).
Some are further general, for example the M.Phil.Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS, MLA/ALM, and MLS), and the Master of Studies (Advanced Study / Advanced Studies).

Types[edit]

  • Post-graduate master's degree (MA, MS, MEd, MSc, MEB, MDes, MNCM, MSN, MSW, MPA, MPC, MPP, MPH, MC, MCA, MCouns, MLA, MLIS, MDiv, ALM, MiM, MBA, MBA Tech, MBE, MCom, MBus, MI, PSM and other subject specific master's degrees) is designed for anyone who holds a bachelor's degree.
  • Post-graduate research master's degree (MRes, MARes, MScRes, MPhil) - the Master by Research is designed for those who hold a bachelor's degree with a significant research component and/or have several publications. It is designed for those wishing to pursue higher research.
  • Executive master's degree (EMBAEMS) is a master's degree designed specially for executive professionals. Admission, graduation requirements, and structure of executive master's degrees differ from that of the regular full-time program.[citation needed]
  • Integrated master's degree (MEngMMathMPhysMPsychMSciMChemMBiolMGeol etc.) is an undergraduate degree combined with an extra master's year. The first three years of study are often the same as a bachelor's degree, followed by an additional year of study at a master's degree level. The degree is only conferred at the end of study as a full master's - an intermediate bachelor's degree is not awarded. Integrated master's are most common in scientific disciplines.

Structure[edit]

There are a range of pathways to the degree, with entry based on evidence of a capacity to undertake higher degree studies in the proposed field. A dissertation may or may not be required, depending on the program. In general, the structure and duration of a program of study leading to a master's degree will differ by country and by university.

Duration[edit]

In some systems, such as those of the United States and Japan, a master's degree is a strictly postgraduate academic degree. Particularly in the U.S., in some fields/programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but the master's may be earned along the way as a 'master's degree "en route"', following successful completion of coursework and certain examinations. Master's programs are thus one to six years in duration, with two to three years being a common length of time to complete.
Under the Angloamerican systems many master's degrees are differentiated either as 'master (thesis)' or as 'master (non-thesis)' programs. Regardless of a de jure minimum period of a master degree program in the same discipline, the required de facto duration to complete the program may vary highly significant by university. One of the main reasons of this is the fact that the required level of courses or research complexity and quality of a thesis also can vary greatly, e.g. in "very high research activity" elite universities students who are admitted to a "very high research" master (thesis), have to fulfill course and thesis level requirements at a regular PhD level, however.
By contrast, in some cases, such as the integrated master's degree in the UK, the degree is combined with a Bachelor of Science, as a 4-year degree. Unlike a traditional MSc, the fourth year finishes at the same time as undergraduate degrees in the early summer, whereas traditional MSc students typically spend the summer vacation completing a dissertation and finish in September. Examples include MMath (see also Part III of the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge), MEng and MSci (not to be confused with an MSc).
In the recently standardized European System of higher education (Bologna process), a master degree programme normally carries 90 - 120 ECTS credits, with a minimum requirement of at least 60 ECTS credits at master level (one- or two-year full-time postgraduate program) undertaken after at least three years of undergraduate studies. It provides higher qualification for employment or prepares for doctoral studies. As one ECTS credit is equivalent to 25 hours of study this means that a master's degree programme should include 2250 hours of study. Current U.K. MSc/MA programmes tend to include 1800 hours of study (or 180 UK credits), although many claim to be equivalent to an ECTS accredited master degree.

Admission[edit]

In countries in which a master's degree is a postgraduate degree, admission to a master's program normally requires holding a bachelor's degree, and in the United Kingdom, Canada and much of the Commonwealth, an "honours" bachelor degree.[citation needed] In both cases, relevant work experience may qualify a candidate. In some cases the student's bachelor's degree must be in the same subject as the intended master's degree (e.g. a Master of Economics will typically require a bachelor's degree with a major in economics), or in a closely allied, "cognate", discipline (e.g. Applied Mathematics degrees may accept graduates in physics, mathematics or computer science); in others, the subject of the bachelor's degree is unimportant (e.g. MBA) although, often in these cases, undergraduate coursework in specific subjects may be required (e.g. some M.S.F.degrees require credits in calculus for admission, but none in finance or economics); see also under Business education#Postgraduate education. Most competitive programs also have a grade point average (GPA) that the student must have achieved in their undergraduate degree.

Comparable European degrees[edit]

In some European countries, a magister is a first degree and may be considered equivalent to a modern (standardized) master's degree (e.g., the German and Austrianuniversity Diplom/Magister, or the similar 5-year Diploma awarded in several subjects in GreekSpanishPolishPortuguese, and other universities and polytechnics).
  • In Denmark the title candidatus or candidata (female) abbreviated cand. is used as a master's equivalent. Upon completion of for instance, an engineral master's degree, a person becomes cand.polyt. (polytechnical). Similar abbreviations, inspired by Latin, apply for a large number of educations, such as sociology (cand.scient.soc), economics (cand.merc., cand.polit. or cand.oecon), law (cand.jur), humanities (cand.mag) etc. A cand. title requires the obtainment of a master's degree. In Finland and Sweden, the title of kand. equates to a bachelor's degree.
  • In France, the equivalent of master's degrees is the combination of two individual diplomas the master 1 (M1) and master 2 (M2), following the Bologna Process. Depending on the goal of the student (a doctorate or a professional career) the master 2 can also be called a "Master Recherche" (research master) and a "Master Professionnel" (professional master), each with different requirements. To obtain a national diploma for the master 2 requires a minimum of one year of study after the master 1; however, a master 2 often requires 2 years, depending on the university's unique requirements. This is often the case with the Master Recherche as it requires time to conduct research and write a thesis. A French "diplôme d'Ingénieur" is also the equivalent of a master's degree, provided the diploma is recognised by the Commission des titres d'ingénieur.
  • In Italy the master's degree is equivalent to the two-year Laurea magistrale, which can be earned after a Laurea (a three-year undergraduate degree, equivalent to a bachelor's degree). In particular fields, namely law, pharmacy and medicine, this distinction is not made. University courses are therefore single and last five to six years, after which the master's degree is awarded (in this case referred to as Laurea magistrale a ciclo unico). The old Laurea degree (Vecchio Ordinamento, Old Regulations), which was the only awarded in Italy before the Bologna process, is equivalent[2] to the current Laurea Magistrale.
  • In the Netherlands the titles ingenieur (ir.), meester (mr.) and doctorandus (drs.) may be rendered, if obtained in the Netherlands from a university, after the application of the Bologna process, as: MSc instead of ir., LL.M. instead of mr. and MA or MSc instead of drs.[3] This is because a single program that led to these degree was in effect before 2002, which comprised the same course load as the bachelor and master programs put together. Those who had already started the program could, upon completing it, bear the appropriate title (MSc, LL.M. or MA), but alternatively still use the old-style title (ir., mr. or drs.), corresponding to their field of study. Since these graduates do not have a separate bachelor’s degree (which is in fact – in retrospect – incorporated into the program), the master’s degree is their first academic degree. Bearers of foreign master's degree are able to use the titles ir., mr. and drs. only after obtaining a permission to bear such titles from the Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs. Those who received their mr., ir. or drs. title after the application of the Bologna process have the option of signing as A. Jansen, MA or A. Jansen, MSc, depending on the field in which the degree was obtained, since the ir., mr. and drs. titles are similar to a master's degree, and the shortcut MA or MSc may officially be used in order to render such title as an international title.[4][5][6][7]
  • In Switzerland, the old Licence or Diplom (4 to 5 years in duration) or a postgraduate DEA is considered equivalent to the master's degree.[8]
  • In Slovenia and Croatia, during the pre-Bologna process education, all Academic degrees were awarded after a minimum of four years of university studies and a successful defence of a written thesis are considered equivalent to the master's degree.
  • In Baltic countries there is a two-year education program that offers a chance to gain a master's degree in interdisciplinary issues. The system offers an education in different areas, such as humanities, environmental and social issues, whilst paying specific consideration to the Baltic Sea area. It is a joint-degree program, which is part of a team effort with four universities. There is the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Turku in Finland, Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania and the University of Latvia. The educational programs are very good; allowing students to be mobile within the system, for example one semester may be taken in a confederate school without paying additional membership or tuition fees. Subsequently after passing the qualifications provided, people may procure teaching qualifications and continue their scholastic research around doctoral studies, or carry on studying within their career in the private or public sector. Graduates of the program, within the Baltic Sea area are also given the chance to continue onwards with their studies within the postgraduate system if they have studied the social sciences or humanities field.
  • In Greece, the metaptychiako which means post-graduate (degree) and is normally two-year after a four-year undergraduate ptychio which means degree.

South America[edit]

Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, after a regular graduation, students have the option to continue their academic career through a master (a.k.a. strictu sensu) or post-graduation (a.k.a. latu sensu) degrees.
At the master's degree ("mestrado", in Portuguese, also referred as "strictu sensu") there are 2–3 years of full-time graduate-level studies. Usually focused on academic research, the master's degree (on any specific knowledge area) requires the development of a thesis, presented (and defended) to a board of PhDs after the period of research. Differently, the "Post-graduation" degree (also referred as "latu-sensu"), also comprehends a 1–2 years studies, but do not require a new thesis to be purposed and defended, being usually attended by professionals looking for a complimentary formation on a different knowledge area than their original graduation.
In addition, a great part of Brazilian universities offers a MBA (Master of Business Administration) degree. Those, nevertheless, are not the equivalent of US MBA degree though, as it does not formally certifies the student/professional with a master's degree (strictu-sensu) but a post-graduation degree instead. A regular post-graduation course has to comply with a minimum of 360 class-hours, while a MBA degree has to comply with a minimum of 400 class-hours. Master's degree (strictu sensu) does not requires minimum class-hours, but it's practically impossible to finish it before 1,5 year due the workload and research required; an average time for the degree is 2,5 years.
Post-graduation (latu sensu) and MBA degrees can be also offered as distance education courses, while the master's degree (strictu-sensu) requires physical attendance.
Often serves as additional qualification for those seeking a differential on the job market, or for those who want to pursue a PhD. It corresponds to the European (Bologna Process) 2nd Cycle or the North American master's.

Asia[edit]

Hong Kong[edit]

MArch, MLA, MUD, MA, MSc, MSocSc, MSW, MEng, LLM[edit]

Hong Kong requires one or two years of full-time coursework to achieve a master's degree.
For part-time study, two or three years of study are normally required to achieve a postgraduate degree.

MPhil[edit]

As in the United Kingdom, MPhil or Master of Philosophy is a research degree awarded for the completion of a thesis, and is a shorter version of the PhD.

Pakistan[edit]

In Pakistani education system, there are two different master degree programmes:
  • 2 years master programmes: These are mostly Master of Arts (MA) leading to Mphil.
  • 4 years master programmes: These are mostly Master of Science (MS) leading to PHD.
Both MA and MS or MSc are offered in all major subjects.

India[edit]

In the Indian system, a master's degree is a postgraduate degree following a Bachelor's degree and preceding a Doctorate, usually requiring two years to complete. The available degrees include:

Israel[edit]

  • MA, MSc, MBA: Post-graduate studies in Israel require the completion of a bachelor's degree and is dependent upon this title's grades. There exists also a direct track to a doctorate degree for graduate students, which lasts four to five years. Taking this route, the students must prepare a preliminary research paper during their first year, they then have to pass an exam after which they are automatically awarded a master's degree.
  • MEng: This is relatively new degree, given by private colleges.

Taiwan[edit]

In Taiwan, bachelor degrees are about four years (with honors) and there is an entrance examination required for people who want to study in master and PhD degrees. The course offered for master and PhD normally is research-based.
The most Foreign Friendly Programs in Taipei, Taiwan are at
1) National Taiwan University College of Management- Global MBA (MBAs in Finance, Accounting, Managemenet, International Business and Information Management)
2) National ChengChi University - IMBA
Programs are entirely in English and Tuition fee cost less than would be paid in North America. As little as US$5000 for an MBA.[citation needed]
As an incentive to increase the number of foreign students, the government of Taiwan and universities have made extra efforts to provide a range of quality scholarships available[citation needed] These are university specific scholarships ranging from Tuition waivers, up to NT$20,000 per month. The government offers the Taiwan Scholarship ranging from 20,000-30,00 per month for 2 years. (US$18,000 - US$24,000 for a 2 year program)

Friday, November 14, 2014

Children's Day

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Children's Day
Wikipedia Children's Day.png
Wikipedia Logo for Children's Day
Observed byWorldwide
Date1 June ; 20 November
Frequencyannual
Related toInternational Men's Day,International Women's Day,Father's DayMother's Day,Parents' Day
Children's Day in Donetsk, Ukraine, 2013
Children's Day is recognized on various days in many places around the world, to honor children globally. It was first proclaimed by the World Conference for the Well-being of Children in 1925 and then established universally in 1954 to protect an "appropriate" day.[1]
International Day for Protection of Children, observed in many countries as Children's Day on June 1 since 1950, was established by the Women's International Democratic Federation on its congress in Moscow (22 November 1949). Major global variants include aUniversal Children's Day on November 20, by United Nations recommendation.[2]

Universal Children's Day[edit]

Universal Children's Day takes place annually on November 20.[3] First proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1954, it was established to encourage all countries to institute a day, firstly to promote mutual exchange and understanding among children and secondly to initiate action to benefit and promote the welfare of the world's children.
This day is observed to promote the objectives outlined in the Charter and for the welfare of children. On November 20, 1958 the United Nations adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child.[4] The United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child on November 20, 1989 and can be found here .
In 2000, the Millennium Development Goals outlined by world leaders in order to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015. Albeit this applies to all people, the main objective is with regard to children.[4] UNICEF is dedicated to meeting the six of eight goals that apply to the needs of children so that they are all entitled to basic rights written in the 1989 international human rights treaty.[5] UNICEF delivers vaccines, works with policymakers for good health care and education and works exclusively to help children and protect their rights.[5]
In September 2012, the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon of the United Nations led the initiative for the education of children.[6] He firstly wants every child to be able to attend school, a goal by 2015.[6] Secondly, to improve the skillset acquired in these schools.[6] Thirdly, implementing policies regarding education to promote peace, respect and environmental concern.[6]
Universal Children's Day is not simply a day to celebrate children for who they are, but to bring awareness to children around the globe that have succumbed to violence in forms of abuse, exploitation and discrimination. Children are used as labourers in some countries, immersed in armed conflict, living on the streets, suffering by differences be it religion, minority issues, or disabilities.[7] Children feeling the effects of war can be displaced because of the armed conflict and/or suffer physical and psychological trauma.[8] The following violations are described in the term "children and armed conflict": recruitment and child soldiers, killing/maiming of children, abduction of children, attacks on schools/hospitals and not allowing humanitarian access to children.[8] Currently there are about 153 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 who are forced into child labour.[9] The International Labour Organization in 1999 adopted the Prohibition and Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour including slavery, child prostitution and child pornography.[9]
A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child can be found here[10].
Canada co-chaired the World Summit for children in 1990 and in 2002 the United Nations reaffirmed the commitment to complete the agenda of the 1990 World Summit. This added to the UN Secretary-General's report We the Children: End-of Decade review of the follow-up to the World Summit for Children.
The United Nations children's agency released a study referencing the population increase of children will make up 90 per cent of the next billion people.[11]

Dates around the world[edit]

The officially recognized date of Children's Day varies from country to country. This section lists some significant examples, in order of date of observance.
Gregorian calendar
OccurrenceDatesCountry
First Friday of January
Jan 4, 2013
Jan 3, 2014
Jan 2, 2015
January 11
Second Saturday of January
Jan 12, 2013
Jan 11, 2014
Jan 10, 2015
Second Sunday of February
Feb 10, 2013
Feb 9, 2014
Feb 8, 2015
First Sunday of March
March 3, 2013
March 2, 2014
March 1, 2015
March 17
April 4
April 5
April 12
Last Saturday of April[12]
Apr 27, 2013
Apr 26, 2014
Apr 25, 2015
April 23
April 24
April 30
May 5
Second Sunday of May
May 12, 2013
May 11, 2014
May 10, 2015
May 10
May 17
Last Sunday of May
May 26, 2013
May 25, 2014
May 31, 2015
May 9, 2013
May 29, 2014
May 14, 2015
June 1
June 2
Second Sunday of June
Jun 9, 2013
Jun 8, 2014
Jun 14, 2015
July 1
Third Sunday of July
Jul 21, 2013
Jul 20, 2014
Jul 19, 2015
July 23
July 24
First Sunday of August
Aug 4, 2013
Aug 3, 2014
Aug 2, 2015
Second Sunday of August
Aug 11, 2013
Aug 10, 2014
Aug 9, 2015
August 16
Third Sunday of August
Aug 18, 2013
Aug 17, 2014
Aug 16, 2015
 Peru
September 9
September 10
Bhadra 29
Sept 14
Sept 15(leap year)
   Nepal
September 20
October 1
First Friday of October
Oct 4, 2013
Oct 3, 2014
Oct 2, 2015
First Wednesday of October (Children’s Day recognition and assignation)
Second Sunday of August (Children’s Day observance)
Oct 2, 2013
Oct 1, 2014
Oct 7, 2015
October 8
 Iran
October 12
Fourth Saturday of October
Oct 26, 2013
Oct 25, 2014
Oct 24, 2015
First Saturday of November
Nov 2, 2013
Nov 1, 2014
Nov 7, 2015
November 11
November 14
November 20
December 5
December 23
December 25
Last Friday of December
Dec 27, 2013
Dec 26, 2014
Dec 25, 2015

Argentina[edit]

In Argentina, Children's Day (Día del Niño) is celebrated on the second Sunday of August.

Armenia[edit]

In Armenia, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.

Australia[edit]

Children's Week is an annual event celebrated in Australia during the fourth week in October, from the Saturday before Universal Children's Day to the following Sunday. Until 1977 Child Care Week was held in various Australian states and territories focusing on children in care or those in institutions. It was held at different times. In 1985 it was decided to coordinate a national week to include all children.[13]

Bangladesh[edit]

In Bangladesh, Children's Day is celebrated on March 17. It is also the birthday of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Bolivia[edit]

In Bolivia, Children's Day (Día del Niño) is celebrated on April 12.

Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, Children's Day (In Portuguese: Dia das Crianças) is celebrated on October 12, coinciding with Our Lady of Aparecida's day, the country's Patron Saint, which is holiday. In Brazil Children's day is celebrated by kids receiving presents from their parents.

Bulgaria[edit]

In Bulgaria, children's day is celebrated on June 1.[14] Traditionally kids receive very special attention from their family, including Birthday-like presents. In the past all drivers were expected to drive with their lights on all day long to demonstrate extra vigilance over children's safety. Now it is compulsory to drive with the lights on every day of the year.

Canada[edit]

National Child Day has been proclaimed across Canada since 1993 to commemorate the United Nations' adoption of two documents centered on children's rights: the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child on November 20, 1959, and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on November 20, 1989.[15] The "Child Day Act" outlines human rights to which children, under the age of 18, are entitled by law. This Act promotes awareness and teaches children that they have rights, like adults do, under the law.[15] The date of celebration is November 20.[15]

Central Africa[edit]

In CongoCongo DRCameroonEquatorial GuineaGabonChadCentral African Republic, Children's Day is celebrated on December 25 to honor all the children there.

Chile[edit]

In Chile, Children's Day is officially recognized, and assigned to the first Wednesday of October. However, it is observed on the second Sunday of August.[16] It retains none of the international flavor as a day to recognize the needs of or rights of children, but is observed merely as a commercial holiday dedicated to buying toys for children.

People's Republic of China[edit]

Children's Day (PRC)
Traditional Chinese六一國際兒童節
Simplified Chinese六一国际儿童节
In the People's Republic of China, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1 and is formally known as "the June 1 International Children's Day" (Chinese六一国际儿童节pinyinLiù Yī Guójì Értóng Jié). When the People's Republic of China was first established in 1949, the State Council (Cabinet) designated a half-day holiday for all primary schools on June 1. This was later made into a full day's break in 1956 with The Announcement by the State Council to make June 1 Children's Day a One-Day Holiday. Schools usually hold activities such as children's performances, camping trips, or free movies on Children's Day or the day before to allow students to have fun. Children of civil servants might also receive small gifts from the government until they are fourteen, and Civil servants who have children sometimes have a half-day holiday on June 1 to spend more time with their children. Entrance and set out ceremonies of the Young Pioneers of China are usually held on June 1 as well. Entrance of children under 14 into the Forbidden City is free on June 1, while each accompanying adult gets 50% off, i.e. CNY30.

Colombia[edit]

In Colombia, Children's Day is celebrated in the last Saturday of April .

Costa Rica[edit]

In Costa Rica, Children's Day is celebrated on September 9.

Croatia[edit]

In Croatia, Children's Day is celebrated on November 11.

Cuba[edit]

In Cuba, Children's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of July.

Czech Republic[edit]

In Czech Republic, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.
Children's day (Día del Niño) in Ecuador

Ecuador[edit]

In Ecuador, Children's Day (Día del Niño) is celebrated on June 1. Generally, kids up to 12 years old receive presents.

Egypt[edit]

In Egypt, Children's Day is celebrated every November 20 with festivals and games for children.

Finland[edit]

In Finland, Children's Day is known as Day of Children's Rights and is celebrated on 20 November.

Former and current Communist and Socialist countries[edit]

1997 stamp of Belarus
In Russia, as well as other former Soviet Union states, including ArmeniaAzerbaijanBelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstan,LatviaLithuaniaMoldovaTajikistanTurkmenistanUkraineUzbekistan, other former or current communist states, AlbaniaAngola,BeninBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCambodiaCroatiaCubaCzech RepublicSlovakiaEthiopiaEast GermanyKosovoLaos,Republic of MacedoniaMongoliaMontenegroMozambiquePolandRomaniaSerbiaSloveniaTanzania and Yemen, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.
This list includes 25 countries which regained independence from USSR, seceded from Yugoslavia Federation, as well as Czechoslovakiaand Ethiopia after their respective splits.

Germany[edit]

Burning of "trash and filth" literature by students and "Young Pioneers" at the 18th Elementary school in Berlin-Pankow (Buchholz), East Berlin, on the evening of International Children's Day, June 1, 1955
In Germany, during the Cold War, Children's Day (Kindertag) was handled quite differently in West Germany and East Germany. While East Germany (GDR) celebrated International Children's Day (Internationaler Kindertag) on June 1,West Germany (FRG) celebrated Universal Children's Day (Weltkindertag) on September 20.
The customs of Children's Day were also significantly different in West and East Germany. In East Germany, the holiday was introduced in 1950, and was from then held on a yearly basis for the children. On this day of the year, children would typically be congratulated and would receive presents from their parents and did special activities in school, such as field trips and the like.
In West Germany, Children's Day Universal Children's Day laid its emphasis not on games and presents, but more on political efforts to strengthen children's rights.[citation needed] (See Jugendamt.)
After the reunification of East and West Germany occurred in 1990, Universal Children's Day has become official for whole Germany. This, however, was not accepted by large parts of the East German population. Most parents still celebrate Children's Day on the former date of June 1, and public events pertaining to Children's Day take place on September 20 (Weltkindertag).[17][18]

Guatemala[edit]

In Guatemala, Children's Day is celebrated on October 1.

Honduras[edit]

In Honduras, Children's Day is celebrated on September 10.

Hungary[edit]

Children's Week began in Hungary in 1931. Since 1950 it has been reduced to Children's Day, taking place on the last Sunday in May.[19]

Haiti[edit]

In Haiti, Children's Day is celebrated on April 12. It took the place with Universal Children's Day on December 1.

Hong Kong[edit]

Children's Day (Chinese兒童節Jyutpingji4 tung4 zit3) is celebrated on April 4, having been established in 1931 at the same time as the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Indonesia[edit]

In Indonesia, Children's Day is celebrated on July 23. but in Batam, specifically SEKOLAH MONDIAL celebrates WCD on the 23–24 October. A lot of programmes are held such as : Field Demo Dance, Band Performances, Games, Booths and a lot more. Everything is performed by the students of Mondial from Kindergarten to High School Level .

India[edit]

Nehru distributes sweets among children at Nongpoh, Meghalaya
In India, Children's Day is celebrated on 14 November, the birthday of the country's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru, who was fondly called Chacha Nehru (Uncle Nehru) or Chaffinch (Uncle) by the kids, emphasized the importance of giving loveand affection to children, whom he saw as the bright future of India. He wanted to enhance the progress of Indian youth for which he established education institutes like AIIMSIndian Institute of Technology. It is well known that Jawaharlal Nehru admired 3 things, first one of which is the flower rose, second one being in the company of women, and the third was with the children. To give him tribute, Indiacelebrates this festival on 14 November, the day of his birthday.[20]
Many functions are organized in schools, offices and other organizations. Most schools hold cultural performances on this day, run by the children themselves. Teachers also get involved, and may perform songs and dances for their students. On this day, the State and the Central Government also make it a point to showcase children's films as part of Film festivals organized in many parts of the country. All over the country, various cultural and social institutions conduct competitions for children. Children's Day is seen as a day for the kids to engage in fun. Children take part in many sports organized for them.

Ireland[edit]

In Ireland, Children's day is celebrated on November 20.

Palestine[edit]

In Palestine, Children's Day is celebrated on November 20

Japan[edit]

Japan's Children's Day (子供の日 kodomo no hi?) is celebrated on May 5, a National Holiday since 1948, to celebrate the happiness of all children and to express gratitude toward mothers. There is a long tradition, from the 8th century, to celebrate children's day twice a year; March 3 for girls and on May 5 for boys. On March 3, also known as theDoll Festival, Japanese people decorate their households with traditional Heian Period doll sets and plum blossom, and drink Amazake. On May 5, also known as 端午の節句 (tango-no sekku), they fly carp streamers outside, display Samurai dolls, and eat chimaki.
There were some who argued in 1948 that March 3 should also be a National Holiday.

Kazakhstan[edit]

The International Children's Day is celebrated annually on June 1 and is established as a national holiday for children. Over 3 million children across Kazakhstan celebrate the holiday with special children events, including charity events for raising awareness of global problems such as child abuse and child labour abuse.

North Korea[edit]

North Korean Children's Day is celebrated on June 2 as the International Children's Day (국제 아동절). Before 1945, it was celebrated on May 1. There is also a day called 조선소년단창립절(Festival for establishment of Young Pioneer Corps) on June 6.

Republic of Korea[edit]

Children's day in Seoul, South Korea, May 5, 1954
In South Korea, May 5 is officially recognized as Children's Day (어린이날). Parents often give presents to their children, as well as spend time with them. The children are taken on excursions to zoos, museums, and various venues of children-oriented entertainment.
Children's Day was first conceived by innovative Korean students and social leaders on the basis of the March 1st Movement to achieve Korean independence from Japanese colonialism. From Jinju, many people gathered to promote and improve the social status of children and encourage adults to teach awareness of their deprived sovereignty. In 1923,[21] several groups of students studying in Tokyo agreed to designate May 1 as Children's Day. A predominant intellectual figure, Bang jeong hwan (방정환,方定煥), greatly contributed to the popularization of the holiday. Because it overlapped with Laborer's Day, Children's Day was moved to May 5. Bang Jeon Hwan first coined the modern Korean word for children, eorini (어린이), replacing the previous words aenom (애놈) and aesaekki (애새끼).[22] Until 1939, Japanese authorities based in Seoul oppressed the movement to stop Korean social activists congregating for the festival. After independence in 1945, the movement to respect children was revived. The children's welfare law written in the constitution officially designated May 5 as Children's Day in 1961. And by 'the law of holiday of government office', Children's day became a holiday in Korea in 1970.[23]

Laos[edit]

In Laos, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.

Malaysia[edit]

In Malaysia, Children's Day is celebrated on the first Saturday of November annually. Primary school pupils normally go to school on the Friday before the event to celebrate Children's Day. The schools that are involved would also organize numerous activities for their pupils.

Maldives[edit]

Children's Day celebration in Kendhoo, Maldives
In Maldives, Children's Day is celebrated on May 10. It is a public holiday and primary schoolchildren go to school to the event to celebrate Children's Day. The schools that are involved would also organize numerous activities for their pupils.

Myanmar[edit]

In Myanmar, Children's Day is celebrated on 1 June.

Mexico[edit]

In Mexico, Children's Day is celebrated on April 30. It is also known as "El Día Del Niño". On this day teachers in schools organize the day for their children. In some schools, lessons are suspended for the day. They organize games, music, and the children bring in their favorite foods to share with others. Some families also have a day out with their children. There are special activities for the children in parks and sports centers. Sometimes, also, the children will be given presents by their families. This is the day when children are honored in Mexico. Children's Day in Mexico started in 1925.

Mongolia[edit]

In Mongolia, the International Children's Day is celebrated on June 1. It is also known as "Эх үрсийн баяр".

Mozambique[edit]

In Mozambique, the International Children's Day is also celebrated on the 1st of June .

Nepal[edit]

In Nepal, Children's Day (बाल दिवस) is celebrated on Bhadra 29 according to the Nepali Calendar(Sept 14 or September 15(Leap Year)). Earlier during the Shah Rule, Nepal used to observe Children's day on Bhadra 4 on the birthday of H.M. Queen Mother Ratna Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah.

New Zealand[edit]

In New Zealand, Children's Day is typically celebrated on the first Sunday in March. It honours children as a taonga (Maori for treasure) and is a day families can relax and share in activities that honour this. This year, 2012, the focus is on peace and aroha (Maori for love). New Zealand has high rates of child abuse and family violence. The Government has recognised this as one of the most important issues for New Zealanders, with an event such as Children's Day helping to focus on the practice of sharing, loving and caring as well as honouring "tamariki" (Maori for children).

Nigeria[edit]

Children's Day is celebrated on May 27 in Nigeria. It is a public holiday for Primary and Secondary school children. Due to the large size of the country, only few group of children (schools or any other organization) are selected to march past parade. The children are usually given treats such as an outing or doing jobs that adults would normally do. In some situations, primary and secondary school children compete in military parades format for a prize which will be given at the end of the competition. Religious groups in Nigeria also celebrate children's day in grand style. Many private and public organizations usually put together children's party for privileged and less privileged children in a bid to give them a sense of belonging. It is also a day media organizations analyze the plight of children in the society and efforts government and non government agencies make to better the lot of children.

Nicaragua[edit]

In Nicaragua the International Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.

Norway[edit]

Children's Day in Norway is held on May 17, the same day as Norwegian Constitution Day, with many children's parades simultaneously celebrating both events and thereby emphasizing the importance of children in Norwegian society.

Pakistan[edit]

In Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Children's Day is celebrated on the 1st of July.In Punjab the Child Rights Cell of Department of Social Welfare Punjab collaborates with UNICEF to celebrate this day. Whereas, The NGO, Voice of Children Islamabad, also celebrates Children'a day and arranges activities for children and parents on that day. The EPO and SFB also celebrate Children's day and arrange fun and interactive sessions for children and parents.
For Children's Day, there are many festivals and events organised by schools and organisations, that focus on having fun and lively activities that kids and their families can enjoy. Most charitable organisations also partake in the festivities, by holding functions or partnering with bigger organisations. Thus, everyone joins in to make this day a memorable event each year in Pakistan.

Palestine[edit]

Children day is celebrated in Palestine on April 5, there are festivals, celebrations and activities children can enjoy.[citation needed]

Panama[edit]

In Panama, Children's Day or Kid's Day was formerly held on November 1, but was changed by Vivian Fernandez de Torrijos, the wife of President Martin Torrijos (2004–2009), to the third Sunday of July.[24]

Paraguay[edit]

In Paraguay, Children's Day is celebrated on August 16, day of the Battle of Acosta Ñu, where it is said that 20,000 men from the Triple Alliance were awaited by a Paraguayan force made up of 3,500 children ages six to fifteen, ordered to hold the Alliance forces while the president Solano Lopez could escape. Even though Paraguay had been already completely defeated, it is said that Lopez forced them to stay and face the enemy, others sources claim that the children volunteered to fight against the Allied forces after their families had been killed by the advancing allied forces (see more in Paraguayan War). Children's Day is a national holiday, used to remember the event, which happened during the five-year war.

Peru[edit]

According to Peruvian law in Peru, Children's Day (Día del Niño Peruano (Ley Nº 27666) , literally Peruvian Children's Day (Law Nº 27666)) is celebrated every third Sunday of August. On this day of the year, Peruvian children would typically be congratulated and would receive presents from their parents. Since it is celebrated on Sunday, all special activities in school, such as field trips and the like are done the previous Friday. All major stores offer special discounts on toys, appliances, electronics, clothes, etc.

Philippines[edit]

The Senate of the Philippines approved on third and final reading a bill declaring every December 25 as National Children's Day to promote consciousness over the protection of the rights of Filipino children.[25]

Poland[edit]

In Poland, Children's Day (Dzień Dziecka) is celebrated on June 1. The International Children's Day was introduced in Poland in 1952. It coincides with the beginning of summer and it is usually treated as a holiday, as it takes place near the end of the school year. Schools usually organize special activities for the day of the celebration, and the first week of June is a time of festivities organized in parks and entertainment centers for children. Parents buy small gifts for their children.

Portugal and former colonies[edit]

In Portugal (and also at some of its former colonies such as Guinea-BissauMacauCape VerdeEast TimorAngolaMozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe), Children's Day (Dia da Criança) is celebrated on June 1.

Romania[edit]

In Romania, Children's Day (Romanian: “Ziua Copilului”) is celebrated on June 1. Various events are also organized.
On June 1, 2012, International Children's Day was celebrated by the Romanian Government at the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.[26] Almost 100 children in attendance received a Minister of Children diploma celebrating with parents and grandparents.[26]

Russian Federation[edit]

Children of VladivostokRussian Federation celebrating the International Children's Day
Participants compete at the baby crawling contest held in Volgogradahead of the International Children's Day, 2011
In Russia, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.

Singapore[edit]

Traditionally, October 1 is the day which Singapore officially celebrates Children's Day, a similar event celebrated every year is Youth Daywhich is celebrated on the first Sunday of July every year. Kindergarten and primary school children in Singapore do not have to attend school on this day. From 2011, Children's Day was celebrated on the first Friday of October.

South Africa[edit]

In South Africa, Children's Day is on the first Saturday of November but not really celebrated in any significant way.[27]

South Sudan[edit]

In South Sudan, Children's Day is celebrated on December 23, the birthday of South Sudan's "greatest child" according to tribal mythology.

Slovakia[edit]

In Slovakia, the day is called International Children's Day (Medzinárodný deň detí) and is celebrated on June 1. Children get a free entrance to some attractions like zoos.[citation needed].

Spain[edit]

In Spain, this date is celebrated on the 2nd Sunday of May, and it is called "Día del niño"

Sri Lanka[edit]

In Sri Lanka, Children's Day is celebrated on October 1.

Sudan[edit]

In Sudan, Children's Day is celebrated on December 23, the birthday of North Sudan's "greatest child" according to tribal mythology.

Suriname[edit]

In Suriname, Children's Day or Kinderdag is celebrated on December 5. Generally, children up to 12 years old receive presents from their parents.

Sweden[edit]

In Sweden, Children's Day is celebrated on the first Monday of October. It was Gustav Rosén who is credited with starting a Children's Day in Umeå in northern Sweden in 1905.[28]

Taiwan[edit]

Children's Day (ROC)
Traditional Chinese婦女節、兒童節合併假期
Simplified Chinese妇女节、儿童节合并假期
The Republic of China designated April 4 as Children's Day (Chinese兒童節; pinyin: Értóng Jié), pursuant to Article 5 of the Order to Implement Commemoration Days and Holidays.[29] The holiday dates back to 1931 and since then schools often hold special activities in order to celebrate the occasion. Because of pressure from parents demanding to accompany their children in the celebration, Taiwan celebrated Women's Day together with Children's Day on April 4, 1991. Since then, April 4 has been known as "The Combined Holidays of Women's Day and Children's Day" (Chinese婦女節、兒童節合併假期). It has been a public holiday of Taiwan since 2011.[30]

Thailand[edit]

Children's Day 2012 at the Chiang Mai Royal Thai Air Force base
Thailand National Children's Day (Thaiวันเด็กแห่งชาติ) is celebrated on the second Saturday in January. Known as “Wan Dek” in Thailand, Children’s Day is celebrated to give children the opportunity to have fun and to create awareness about their significant role towards the development of the country.
Usually, His Majesty the King gives advice addressing the children while the Supreme Monarch Patriarch of Thailand gives a moral teaching. The Prime Minister also usually gives each Children's Day a theme and a slogan.
Many Government offices are open to children and their family; this includes the Government House, the Parliament House Complex and various Military installations. These events may include a guided tour and an exhibition. A notable example is the guided tour at the Government House, where children have an opportunity to view the Prime Minister's office and sit at the bureau. The Royal Thai Air Force usually invites children to go and explore the aircraft and the Bangkok Bank distributes stationery, such as pens, pencils and books to every child that enters the bank as a community service. Many organizations from both government and commercial sectors have celebration activities for children. Children can enter zoos or ride buses for free.
There is a Thai saying that states, "Children are the future of the nation, if the children are intelligent, the country will be prosperous."

Trinidad and Tobago[edit]

International Men's Day on 19 November followed by Universal Children's Day on 20 November form a 48 hour celebration of men and children respectively in Trinidad andTobago.[31]

Tunisia[edit]

Children's Day in Tunisia is celebrated on January 11 every year. It is a day in which Tunisians observe the rights of children and remind themselves that children are the future builders and developers of the country and the world.

Turkey[edit]

"The Holiday of National Sovereignty and Children", celebrated in Germany, in 2011
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey was established on 1920, April 23, and to commemorate the event, April 23 was proclaimed a national holiday in 1921. Since 1927[32] it has also become Children's Day (TurkishUlusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı, literally "The Holiday of National Sovereignty and Children"), an official holiday dedicated to the children of Turkey and (from 1979 on) the world. Turkish; April 23 Children's Festival
In addition to holding many domestic celebratory events such as stadium performances, Turkey also houses TRT International April 23 Children's Festival, where groups of children from other countries are invited to participate in the festivities while staying at Turkish families' homes.

Ukraine[edit]

Children's Day in Ukraine
Children's Day (UkrainianДень захисту дітейDen zakhystu ditey, literally "day of child's protection") is celebrated in Ukraine on June 1. It was introduced in Ukraine in 2009.[citation needed]

United States of America[edit]

Children's Day observations in the United States predate both Mother's and Father's Day, though a permanent annual single Children's Day observation is not made at the national level.
In 1856, Rev. Charles H. Leonard, D.D., then pastor of the First Universalist Church of ChelseaMass., set apart a Sunday for the dedication of children to the Christian life, and for the re-dedication of parents and guardians to bringing-up their children in Christian nurture. This service was first observed the second Sunday in June.[33]
The Universalist Convention at Baltimore in September 1867, passed a resolution commending churches to set apart one Sunday in each year as Children's Day.[34]
The Methodist Episcopal Church at the Methodist Conference of 1868 recommended that second Sunday in June be annually observed as Children's Day.[34]
The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1883 designated "the second Sabbath in June as Children's Day."[35]
Also in 1883, the National Council of Congregational Churches and nearly all the state bodies of that denomination in the United States passed resolutions commending the observance of the day. About this time many other denominations adopted similar recommendations.[34]
Chase's Calendar of Events cites Children's Sunday and notes that The Commonwealth of Massachusetts issues an annual proclamation for the second Sunday in June.[36]
Numerous churches and denominations currently observe the second Sunday in June including the African Methodist Episcopal ChurchAfrican Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.
Children & Youth Day in Hawaii started in 1994 when the Hawaii Legislature became the first to pass a law to recognize the first Sunday in October as "Children's Day". In 1997, the Legislature passed another landmark law designating the entire month of October as "Children and Youth Month".
In 1996, author Pat Mora, after learning about the annual Mexican tradition of celebrating April 30 as El día del niño, the Day of the Child, proposed an annual celebration in the U.S. of El día de los niños, El día de los libros/Children's Day, Book Day, thus honoring children and connecting them to literacy, essential in a democracy. Assistance starting this community-based, family literacy initiative was provided by REFORMA, the National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking. Often known as Día, because it is both a daily commitment and an annual April celebration, Children's Day, Book Day, has grown to link all children to books, languages and cultures. A major partner is the Association for Library Services to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). Every year, across the country, hundreds of libraries, schools, and community organizations, etc. hold culminating April Children's Day, Book Day celebrations that unite communities, creating an annual tradition much like Mother's Day and Father's Day.
Children's Day was proclaimed by President Bill Clinton to be held on October 11, 1998,[37] in response to a letter written by a six year old boy inquiring if he would make a Children's Day for him. "National Child's Day" was proclaimed by President George W. Bush as June 3, 2001 and in subsequent years on the first Sunday in June.[38]
Since 2009, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn has issued proclamations proclaiming the second Sunday in June as Children's Day as had the previous governor in 2007 and 2008. The mayors of Aurora and Batavia, Illinois, also have issued proclamations.[39]

Dates[edit]

2010: June 7
2011: June 6
2012: June 4
2013: June 3
2014: June 8
2015: June 7
2016: June 5

Uruguay[edit]

Children's Day in Uruguay is a decided Sunday in August, is commercially Children's Day. January 6 is Wise Man day, mostly kids receive presents but sometimes adults too. there people celebrate children day with great pomp and show

Vanuatu[edit]

In Vanuatu, Children's Day is celebrated on the July 24. "Stop violence against children", and "Give a child the chance to express their opinion today". After the march there are speeches and activities organized by schools, including a dance. Then, after midday, children return home to spend time with their parents for the rest of the day. Children's Day is a public holiday, set up following a recommendation of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. A group of people in the United Nations monitor and protect children's rights. A committee, with both adult and child members, organizes activities. In the past, a committee of adults has chosen the theme – but in the future children may help choose it.
Children's Day originally took place only in the capital of Vanuatu, but it has now been extended to all 6 provinces. Schools, churches, local governments of the provinces and other local organizations all organize activities. Save the Children supports one Children's Day activity in each province, selecting it from the many requests they receive for support. In 2008, one of the activities supported by Save the Children was a sports day between many different schools.
Parents and caretakers have been supportive of Children's Day activities. Many parents come to activities with children. For example, in one province, children and parents from 5 different schools came together for a shared lunch. Some parents give their children presents for Children's Day – however, Save the Children try to spread the message that it doesn't matter if a parent can't afford to buy their child a present, as the real aim of Children's Day is for parents and children to spend the day together, and work together to reconcile their problems.

Venezuela[edit]

In Venezuela, Children's Day is celebrated the third Sunday of July.
Mid-Autumn Festival in Vietnam

Vietnam[edit]

In Vietnam, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1 as ICD and on the full moon of the 8th lunar month during the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Zambia[edit]

In Zambia, Children's Day celebrates on April 24 before Universal Children's Day on December 25 from Zambia lighting.